Pdf hog cholera, also known as classical or european swine fever, is caused by hog cholera virus, a member of the genus pestivirus. The characteristic lesions seen in the classical course of hc virus infection are those of haemorrhagic diathesis with petechial. It causes damage to blood vessels throughout the body. The symptoms are indistinguishable from those of african swine fever.
S0126 ultrasensitive detection of classical swine fever virus by reverse transcription coupled real time pcr classical swine fever csf, also called hog cholera or swine fever, is caused by a pestivirus within the flaviviridae family. Definitive diagnosis is based on the detection of virus, virus antigen or viral nucleic acid, or serology. African swine fever virus asfv is an enveloped, doublestranded dna virus in the family asfarviridae and genus asfivirus. Classical swine fever csf, hog cholera, swine fever, european swine fever, peste du porc, colera porcina, virusschweinepest. The classical swine fever eradication plan for the america. Although classical swine fever was once widespread, many countries have eradicated this disease from domesticated. Based on our evaluation of the animal health status of mexico, which we made available to the public for. Classical swine fever outbreak after modified live lom strain. The island of sardinia had 17 outbreaks of classical swine. It is shown here that the end stage of lethal infection in the natural host is associated with a dramatic depletion preferentially of b lymphocytes in the circulatory system as well as in lymphoid tissues. Csf inactivation in meat this document provides the current scientific knowledge of the level of persistence of the csf virus in a variety of meat products, including hams and sausages. Local spread of classical swine fever upon virus introduction. It causes fever, skin lesions, convulsions and usually particularly in young animals death within 15. Within and betweenpen transmission of classical swine fever virus.
High morbidity, often fatal, but morbidity and mortality depend on strain virulence. Usda aphis classical swine fever standard operating procedure. Aug 26, 2014 you can spread the virus even if you dont have symptoms. Assessment of classical swine fever diagnostics and. Classical swine fever csf or hog cholera is a highly contagious swine viral disease. Notice of determination of the classical swine fever. Pathology and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever. The causative agent csf virus csfv, is a member of the. Classical swine fever csf is a viral disease with severe economic consequences for domestic pigs. Serum neutralization tests sn were performed against classical swine fever virus csfv, bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv and border disease virus bdv on samples of swine serum collected for. Classical swine fever virus csfv is an enveloped singlestranded rna virus of positive polarity in the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus. Classical swine fever is a contagious, often fatal, disease of pigs clinically characterized by high body temperature, lethargy, yellowish diarrhea, vomiting, and a purple skin discoloration of the ears, lower abdomen, and legs. Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease, according to council directive 82894eec of 21 december 1982 on the notification of animal diseases within the community.
Hanson 1957 made it clear that this claim is not sustainable from the original evidence, and that the. Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, containing one serotype divided into three major genotypes, including numerous subgenotypes. Assessment of classical swine fever diagnostics and vaccine. Asfivirus is the only genus in the asfaviridae family, and over 20 genotypes of. Classical swine fever classical swine fever csf, also known as hog cholera, is a serious and highly contagious viral disease of pigs which was eradicated from the u. Asfivirus is the only genus in the asfaviridae family, and over 20 genotypes of varying virulence have been recorded.
Background the study aim was to quantify the impact of movement restriction on the wellbeing of pigs and the associated mitigation responses during a classical swine fever csf outbreak. Until today csf remains a lingering problem in many parts of the world where it has both, an economic impact on swine production and a constraining effect on trade 23. It is shown here that the end stage of lethal infection in the natural. Classical swine fever csf causes major losses in pig farming, with various degrees of disease severity. Efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine in classical swine. Classical swine fever outbreak after modified live lom. Moennig1 1 world organisation for animal health oie. The virus is inactivated by 2% sodium hydroxide or by lipid solvents. African swine fever is also enzootic endemic in sardinia.
Since 1974, the lom strain has been the mlv strain for classical swine fever in south korea. Classical swine fever classical swine fever virus, family flaviviridae geoffrey t. Csf was eradicated from the united states in 1978 after a 16year effort by the industry and state and federal governments. The virus survives some curing processes as well as in frozen pork for months to years, and in chilled meats for months. In 19971998, an outbreak in the netherlands spread to involve more. African swine fever researchafrican swine fever research and. Asfv is the cause of african swine fever and related diseases in porcine species. Veterinary services august 2008 classical swine fever still a threat classical swine fever csf, also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease of swine. In the recent past, the introduction of classical swine fever virus csfv followed by betweenherd spread has given rise to a number of large epidemics in the netherlands and belgium. These viruses are highly prevalent in bovine and ovine populations and can infect pigs. Csf is probably the most important transmissible disease of pigs and it is caused by classical swine fever virus csfv, a member of the flaviviridae family within the pestivirus genus. Mar 23, 2001 classical swine fever definition is hog cholera. The island of sardinia had 17 outbreaks of classical swine fever in 1998 and 6 in 1999.
There is only one serotype with minor antigenic variants. Efficient live attenuated vaccines against classical swine fever virus csfv are used. Csf is probably the most important transmissible disease of pigs and it is caused. Although classical swine fever was once widespread, many countries have eradicated this disease from domesticated swine. S0126 ultrasensitive detection of classical swine fever virus by reverse transcription coupled real time pcr classical swine fever csf, also called hog cholera or swine fever. Both diseases only affect pigs and are exotic to australia. The disease is similar to classical swine fever, but is caused by a different virus.
This virus is antigenically related to bovine viral diarrhoea. A comparison of sai restriction maps from 23 african swine fever virus field isolates 8 african, 11 european, and 4 american has shown that the virus genome consists of a central region with a. Although several countries have become free from classical swine fever after eradication programs. C, and at least a month in contaminated pig pens remains infectious for 150 days in boned meat stored at 39.
Asfv has a soft tick vector replication in the vector, transmission. African swine fever virus, genome analysis, transmission, georgia, research. However, despite intensive vaccination programs in these areas for more than 20 years, csf has not been eradicated. The ability to survive for long periods in uncooked pork endows the virus with a very high capacity for. African swine fever virus asfv is a dna virus in the asfarviridae family. The classical swine fever eradication plan for the americas 1 1. Classical swine fever definition of classical swine. For further information on different serological tests and virus identification see. In 1999 there were outbreaks reported in argentina, croatia, germany, italy and luxembourg. Pigs immunized with a novel e2 subunit vaccine are.
Aug 14, 2014 sets out the disease control measures we would consider if african or classical swine fever was suspected or confirmed in pigs. African swine fever asf, classified as a notifiable disease by the world. People are not affected by african swine fever or classical swine fever. Classical swine fever is a highly contagious disease of pigs that tremendously affects the swine industry. Natural hosts for the csf virus csfv are members of the family suidae, i. Introduction the classical swine fever virus csfv is an enveloped rna virus belonging to the family of flaviviridae, genus pestivirus 32. Up to 100% mortality depending on the virus, the host, the dose and route of the exposure of the virus. Non refereed diagnostic notes update on classical swine fever hog cholera douglas gregg dvm, phd summary classical swine fever csf, commonly known in the united states as hog cholera, is a highly. Classical swine fever csf or hog cholera also sometimes called pig plague based on the german word schweinepest is a highly contagious disease of swine old world and new world pigs. It is a small rna virus, very different from the large dna virus that causes african swine fever asf, although both viruses produce similar clinical signs and lesions. Classical swine fever virus csfv is antigenically related to the other pestiviruses, mainly to bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv, see bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex of cattle and to border disease virus bdv, see border disease of sheep.
Classical swine fever definition of classical swine fever. It causes fever, skin lesions, convulsions and usually particularly in young animals death within 15 days. Classical swine fever or hog cholera is a highly contagious disease of pigs and wild boar. African swine fever researchafrican swine fever research. Classical swine fever csf diagnosis lesions signs symptoms. Within and betweenpen transmission of classical swine. Classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs. Asfv is the only known arbo virus with a dna genome.
Classical swine fever hog cholera in wild boar in europe. Bovine viral diarrhea, border disease, and classical swine. Particularly important in these epidemics has been the occurrence of substantial neighborhood transmission from herd to herd in the presence of baseline. In its acute form the disease generally results in high morbidity and mortality. Genetic variation among african swine fever genotype ii viruses. Nov 06, 2015 classical swine fever csf is a viral disease with severe economic consequences for domestic pigs. The classical swine fever hog cholera virus classical swine fever is caused by a member of the flaviviridae family,genus pestivirus 88. Moennig1 1 world organisation for animal health oie reference laboratory for classical swine fever, institute of virology, university of veterinary medicine, buenteweg 17, 30559 hannover, germany. The ability to survive for long periods in uncooked. African swine fever asf is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages, caused by asf virus asfv. Please refer to the animal disease notification system for a description of the notification system and the latest health situation table.
Besides high fever, the disease is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical signs. Fosgate dvm, phd, dacvpm 979 8453203 for more information contact the texas animal health commission at 1800. Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of classical swine. Overview of classical swine fever generalized conditions. Classical swine fever virus infection of the pregnant uterus in sows. Classical swine fever virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Csf inactivation in meat this document provides the. Classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs.
We are advising the public of our determination that mexico is free of classical swine fever csf. In its acute form the disease generally results in high mortality. It was first described in the early 19th century in the usa. Identification and immunogenicity of african swine fever virus antigens. Classical swine fever is highly contagious and infection spreads rapidly by direct or indirect contact between infected and susceptible pigs. African swine fever asf is a devastating viral hemorrhagic fever that can kill up to 100% of domestic pigs, for which there is still no vaccine or treatment. The highly varying picture of both african swine fever asf and hog cholera hc makes a diagnosis of either disease on mere clinical and pathological grounds often impossible, particularly in. African swine fever asf is a devastating disease of. Standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines are described in the terrestrial manual.
African swine fever virus isolate, georgia, 2007 ncbi. Differential diagnosis between african swine fever and hog. Although several countries have become free from classical swine fever after eradication programs, sporadic outbreaks continue to occur in most major pigproducing countries, and classical swine fever is endemic to some countries in asia. Hog cholera, also known as classical or european swine fever, is caused by hog cholera virus, a member of the genus pestivirus. Csfv has a close antigenic relationship with bovine viral diarrhoea virus bvdv and border disease virus bdv of sheep. This virus is antigenically related to bovine viral diarrhoea bvd virus and to border disease bd virus. As a result of the governments classical swine fever eradication program, jeju island, south korea, became a classical swine fever virus csfvfree area, and vaccination efforts ceased there in 1999. Classical swine fever hog cholera iowa state university. African swine fever asf diagnosis, an essential tool in the epidemiological investigation. You can spread the virus even if you dont have symptoms.
Efficient live attenuated vaccines against classical swine fever virus csfv are used routinely in endemic countries. Classical swine fever virus an overview sciencedirect. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious virus that causes an often fatal disease in pigs and wild boar. Csf endemic countries have to use routine vaccination with modified live virus mlv vaccines to prevent. Notice of determination of the classical swine fever status. Sets out the disease control measures we would consider if african or classical swine fever was suspected or confirmed in pigs. Both names continue to be used, although in most of the world the disease is now called classical swine fever csf to distinguish it from african swine fever see african swine fever, which is a clinically. Assessment of classical swine fever diagnostics and vaccine performance s. Classification of the causative agent resistance to. Pathology and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever in. May 27, 20 the virus hunters 2010 scientists in africa tracking next big killer bug.